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Current Iodine Deficiency Disorder Situation
Population
Population: 4.82 million
Population growth rate: 1.45%
Population < 15 years: 34.4%
Birth rate: 26.1 per 1000
Life expectancy at birth: 63.6 years
Infant mortality: 75.9 per 1000
Prevalence of Goiter/ UIE
Median urinary iodine: 30 mcg/L (1993). No national or recent data. Mountainous country which borders Kazakhstan (Alma Alta TGR=9%), Eastern borders with China where TGR is 21% (Aksu, Kashi).
Small scale surveys indicated that iodine supplementation programs between 1968 and 1984 have decreased most severe grades of endemic goiter to 1.5% in valleys and 4.2% in mountainous areas.
Rapid assessment in 1993 on 440 children aged 7-11 in Osh, Bishkek and Narin oblasts found that of 221 children, the median urinary iodine was 30 mcg/L, 49.1% had goiter by palpation and of 190 newborns sampled, over 60% had TSH levels > 5 mU/l.
Iodized salt Coverage
Household iodized salt use: 27% (1997)
Salt Situation Analysis Production
All edible salt is imported, mainly from Kazakhstan . Most imported salt is iodized domestically by seven small plants covering 25-30% of the local requirements.
Consumption
The MICS survey (1997) found 27.2% of households consume iodized salt.
Iodine Procurement and Utilization
Salt iodized with KIO3, probably at 25 ppm (2000).
Universal Salt Iodization Program
Information, Education, Communication (IEC) Activities
The Institute of Nutrition coordinates the iodine deficiency control program. It has worked with salt producers to promote USI. The Institute also is active in disseminating information to various sectors and the public at large.
Legislation
Prohibits import, production and trade of noniodized salt, including for animals. Enacted in 2000.
Program Monitoring and Evaluation
A national control program exists but is not implemented, for lack of funds. Ministry of Health is responsible, also regulations to be developed by Ministry of Trade. A quality control system for iodized salt has been established.
Biological monitoring is in place, and a urinary iodine laboratory available.
Other Interventions
KI tablets to children and pregnant women during USSR years, current status not known, probably largely discontinued.
Key Lessons Learned
Challenges and Constraints
Future Plans for Sustained IDD Elimination
Sources:
IDD NL 18(3):33, 2002
Proc. Joint Workshop, Ashkabad, 6/94; IDD NL 10(4):46, November 1996; IDD NL 13(1):4, February 1997. |
