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Current Iodine Deficiency Disorder Situation
Population
Population: 19.4 million
Population growth rate: 1.3%
Population < 15 years: 42.7%
Birth rate: 37 per 1000
Life expectancy at birth: 36.5 years
Infant mortality: 139 per 1000
Prevalence of Goiter/ UIE
Median urinary iodine: 69 mcg/L. A 1992 random sample of 1,447 schoolchildren showed a total goiter rate of 76%, visible
goiter rate 13%; 49% of urine samples had < 20 mcg/L of iodine.
A 1998 MOH survey of micronutrients in four of the country's ten provinces ( Maputo , Gaza , Manica, and C abo Delgado), including 5,684 people from 120 communities. The overall goiter prevalence was 19.2%, ranging from 8.1% in Gaza to 34.5% in C abo Delgado. The median urinary iodine concentration was 69 mcg/L, with 20% < 20 mcg/L, 45% of samples from C abo Delgado were < 20 mcg/L.
Iodized salt C overage
Household iodized salt use: 62%
Salt Situation Analysis Production
Of 53 registered salt producers, 41% do not have iodization plants (as of 1999). Twelve iodization plants were installed with UNI C EF funding, but can meet only 70% of production capacity. A 1998 salt survey of four provinces showed the following percent iodized: Maputo , 41%; Gaza , 26%, Manica, 51%, and C abo Delgado, 28%. Data from kits applied to samples brought by schoolchildren in November 1998 reported 39% of salt contained iodine.
5% of salt is imported.
Consumption
- Estimated daily per capita salt consumption: no data
- Estimated % of all salt consumed by people which is adequately iodized (household level): 62%
Iodine Procurement and Utilization
KIO3, No data on ppm
Universal Salt Iodization Program
Information, Education, Communication (IEC) Activities
In 1999, a long-term plan for IDD control within the integrated micronutrient program was described, pointing towards legislation mandating all salt for human and animal consumption to be iodized, development of effective quality assurance mechansims and enforcement regulations, continued support for salt producers to ensure compliance with legislation and regulations, and development of increased demand for iodized salt with an IE C campaign. Follow-up information is needed.
Legislation
- Legislation: Status not clear. A 1999 report described a decree from the C ouncil of Ministers expected by February 1999, with review of salt regulations jointly by Ministries of Health, Industry, and Trade and Tourism.
- Legislation for Animals: no data
- Year Enacted: n/a
Program Monitoring and Evaluation
Government agencies involved include the Ministries of Health and Agriculture, the National Institute of Development of Small Scale Industry, the National Institute of Standardization, and the C ouncil of Ministries.
No means for measuring UI. National Laboratory for Food and Water C ontrol can do salt analyses, but only a few reported each year. Salt producers rely only on test kit.
Other Interventions
In 1990-91, capsule distribution program was implemented and 350,000 iodized oil capsules were procured by UNI C EF in 1990. The campaign continued in Niassa and Tete. Subsequent use not known.
Key Lessons Learned
Challenges and Constraints
Future Plans for Sustained IDD Elimination
Sources:
IDD NL 15(1):3, 1999
Harare conference (4/96), country report, summarized in IDD NL 13(2):21 (1997)
UNI C EF USI Update 2, 1996
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