|
Current Iodine Deficiency Disorder Situation
Population
Population: 8.88 million
Population growth rate: 0.02%
Population < 15 years: 18 %
Birth rate: 9.81 per 1000
Life expectancy at birth: 79.84 years
Infant mortality: 3.44 per 1000
Prevalence of Goiter/ UIE
Median urinary iodine: >100 mcg/L.
No recent national data; some occasional research studies. In one, pregnant women had UI about 178 mcg/day.
In a 1985 study, UI was 170 mcg/g creatinine and thyroid volume by ultrasound similar to iodine sufficient areas - 7.7 ml for women, 4.2 ml for schoolchildren, 11.1 ml for men.
1992 estimates of 90-150 mcg/L for UI; estimates of total iodine intake of 200 mcg/day, most from dairy products.
Recall rate in neonatal screening 0.07% in 1986, compatible with iodine sufficiency.
In 1931, described 300,000 persons with goiter in the middle and southeast parts of country. No national data. In past, endemic goiter existed in many areas.
IDD is not now likely, due to effective salt iodization, which began in the 1930's and high fish consumption.
1,000 cretins estimated in 1931. None recently.
Iodized salt Coverage
Household iodized salt use: no data
Salt Situation Analysis Production
No information.
Consumption
- Estimated daily per capita salt consumption: no data.
- Estimated % of all salt consumed by people which is adequately iodized (household level): no data
Iodine Procurement and Utilization
KI at 10 ppm.
Salt has been iodized (50 mg/kg) for years, starting with 10 mg/kg in 1930 and rising to 20 mg/kg in 1940. Presently all household salt is recommended to be iodized at a level of 50 ppm with KI, though sale of iodized salt is voluntary.
Universal Salt Iodization Program
Information, Education, Communication (IEC) Activities
Legislation
- Legislation: Voluntary use of iodized salt
- Legislation for Animals: none but widely used cattle food.
- Year Enacted: 1933, revised in 1966
Program Monitoring and Evaluation
No national program, followed irregularly by academic physicians and scientists.
Occasional research studies, no formal program. An assessment was scheduled for 2002-2003, results not known.
Other Interventions
Commercial baby diets are iodized, as is food used for animals.
Key Lessons Learned
Challenges and Constraints
Future Plans for Sustained IDD Elimination
Sources:
Eltom et al 1998 Europ J Clin Nutr 52:351-355
IDD NL 9(1):10, 1993
IDD NL 8(1):12, 1992
IDD NL 2(4):14, 1986
IDD NL 1(2):15, 1985
|
