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Current Iodine Deficiency Disorder Situation
Population
Population: 6.2 million
Population growth rate: 2.12%
Population < 15 years: 40.4%
Birth rate: 33 per 1000
Life expectancy at birth: 64.3 years
Infant mortality: 114.8 per 1000
Prevalence of Goiter/ UIE
Median urinary iodine: 12 mcg/L (1994). Several surveys in 1994-96 reported a severe prevalence of IDD. A survey in 1994 in Dushanbe and in Tursun-Xade of 172 children, aged 8-9 years, found a median urinary iodine of 12 mcg/L and undetectable, respectively, and goiter prevalences of 42% and 86%. Goiter reaches 90% in some areas (1996), new cases of cretinism were being reported in 1997. More recent reports give a goiter prevalence of 33-90% (1999).
Iodized salt Coverage
Household iodized salt use: 20% (2000)
Salt Situation Analysis Production
The total production of edible salt is 60,000 tons, by three plants. The production of iodized salt was 21,000 tons in 1999.
Consumption
The MICS (2000) reported 20% of households consuming iodized salt.
Iodine Procurement and Utilization
Salt is iodized with KIO3 at 45 ppm, iodate being supplied mainly by UNICEF
Universal Salt Iodization Program
Information, Education, Communication (IEC) Activities
Legislation
Pending, President's decree on IDD prevention (1997) requires USI
Program Monitoring and Evaluation
Ministry of Public Health is responsible. A national program has been adopted, but implementation is poor due to insufficient funding. The Aga Khan Foundation provides support to local IDD control program in Gorny-Badakshan (mountainous) area. Some training has been provided in monitoring. Additional training is needed for quality control of iodized salt. Iodized salt is monitored at production and retail levels, but not on a regular basis. A urinary iodine laboratory is available.
Other Interventions
Oral iodized oil was given to children in Gorno-Badakshan (GBAO).
Key Lessons Learned
Challenges and Constraints
Future Plans for Sustained IDD Elimination
Sources:
IDD NL 18(3):33, 2002
IDD NL 10(4):47, 1994
IDD NL 13(1):4, 1997
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