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Current Iodine Deficiency Disorder Situation
Population
Population: 36.2 million
Population growth rate: 2.61%
Population < 15 years: 44.8%
Birth rate: 39.7 per 1000
Life expectancy at birth: 52 years
Infant mortality: 79.4 per 1000
Prevalence of Goiter/ UIE
Median urinary iodine: 160 mcg/L, limited (1995) . A 1999 survey reported 23%.
The urinary iodine was 160 mcg/L in Iringa and Mbeya (Multicenter Study, 1996)
1980-90 national prevalence data gathered from 23 districts. Many areas identified to be highly endemic with goiter rates >60% (including Kasalu, Kibondo, Mbeya, Morogors, Mufundi, Nkasi, Songes & Sumbawanga).
160,000 cretins and 450,000 cretinoids were estimated.
Iodized salt Coverage
Household iodized salt use: 83% (2001).
Salt Situation Analysis Production
During the period 1992-1995, 42 iodization plants of varying capacities (11 big, rest small) were installed in Tanzania . C apacities combined, these plants were able to produce approximately 150,000 metric tons of iodized salt annually which would be enough to meet Tanzania 's domestic salt needs. 45% from sea, 15% underground brine, 40% foothills. About 9600 producers, about 7500 of them are women in foothills.
Salt imported form Kenya and India .
Salt production has been limited by inefficient technology, poor transportation, poor quality salt; all need improvement.
Consumption
- Estimated daily per capita salt consumption: 8.1, also 9.2; 8-12 g
- Estimated % of all salt consumed by people which is adequately iodized (household level): 83%
Iodine Procurement and Utilization
KIO3 - Minimal required: 75-100 ppm (production level), 37.5 ppm (retail), 18.7 ppm.
Universal Salt Iodization Program
Information, Education, Communication (IEC) Activities
Legislation
- Legislation: yes
- Legislation for Animals: no
- Year Enacted: 1978-79, revised in 1995
Program Monitoring and Evaluation
The Tanzania Food and Nutrition C enter under the Ministry of Health acts as secretariat for all the national coordinating committees. It also provides a national coordinating mechanism for several different nutrition problems and serves as a base for negotiation support for both the government and donors. The Ministry of Water, Energy and Minerals (MOWEM) helps implement the project.
Salt producers have access to test kits. the TFN C has carried out surveys in the past. An evaluation was being planned (2001).
Other Interventions
About 13 million received oral iodized oil since 1986 in 27 districts, ages 1-45 in affected areas, with support from UNI C EF and C IDA. 380 mg taken orally every 2 years. This program covered over 5 million people. It is being replaced by iodized salt. Studies show that visible and total goiter decreased.
Key Lessons Learned
Challenges and Constraints
Future Plans for Sustained IDD Elimination
Sources:
IDD NL 17(2):27, 2001
IDD NL 13(2):22 , 1997
IDD NL 12(2):29, 1996
IDD NL 10(3):35, 1994
Multicenter Study (1996).
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