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Current Iodine Deficiency Disorder Situation
Population
Population: 5.2 million
Population growth rate: 2.6%
Population < 15 years: 45.6%
Birth rate: 37.0 per 1000
Life expectancy at birth: 54.4 years
Infant mortality: 70.4 per 1000
Prevalence of Goiter/ UIE
Median urinary iodine: 160 mcg/L. A 1986 survey identified the northern (Kara), central, and plateau regions as having the highest goiter rates. A 1992 survey around Kara found a goiter rate of 32% in schoolchildren and urinary iodine excretion of 7-34 mcg/g creatinine.
The ThyroMobil found a goiter prevalence of 4.3% by ultrasound in 10 sites in 2000, and a median urinary iodine (381 samples) of 116 mcg/L.
A nationwide survey in 2001, with sampling in clusters of different ecologic zones, examined 6,210 students in 125 schools, reporting a goiter prevalence overall of 7.2%: 16.1% in previously severe zones, 10.1% in pockets of severe zones, and 0.8% in previously mild areas. The overall median urinary iodine concentration was 160 mcg/L, from 1,245 samples; 35% < 100 mcg/L, and 29% above,
Iodized salt C overage
Household iodized salt use: 98%
Salt Situation Analysis Production
Much of the production comes from Ghana and the recent intervention of Unilever Ghana to purchase and iodize all salt from small producers in southern Ghana may be effective. The lowest penetration of iodized salt is in the north. Local production in Togo not iodized.
Some salt imported from Europe , Tunisia and Ghana .
Consumption
- Estimated daily per capita salt consumption: no data
- Estimated % of all salt consumed by people which is adequately iodized (household level): 98% had some iodine, but 35% < 15 ppm.
Iodine Procurement and Utilization
KIO3 no data on ppm.
Universal Salt Iodization Program
Information, Education, Communication (IEC) Activities
Legislation
- Legislation: yes
- Legislation for Animals: no
- Year Enacted: no data
Program Monitoring and Evaluation
MOH, O C C GE are responsible. The Ministry of Public Health conducted a careful study in 2001, using goiter by palpation, urinary iodines, and salt measured by titration.
The 2001 survey showed considerable progress towards IDD elimination. The study report recommended more salt quality control, especially for the northern regions; heightened political and increased awareness, to achieve sustainability; strengthening of the program to ensure better folllow-up activities. More data are needed on sources of salt, and its iodization
Other Interventions
About 4182 received oral supplements.
Key Lessons Learned
Challenges and Constraints
Future Plans for Sustained IDD Elimination
Sources:
IDD NL 18(1):5, 2002
IDD NL 13(2):23, 1996
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