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Current Iodine Deficiency Disorder Situation
Population
Population: 4.69 million
Population growth rate: 1.24%
Population < 15 years: 37.7%
Birth rate: 28.3 per 1000
Life expectancy at birth: 61.1 years
Infant mortality: 73.2 per 1000
Prevalence of Goiter/ UIE
Median urinary iodine: 37-72 mcg/L (1994). A rapid assessment in 1994, in Ashkhabad and Tashauz in the north, found urinary iodines of 72 mcg/L and 37 mcg/L, respectively, and goiters of 23% and 64%. More recent surveys (1999) have reported goiter prevalences ranging from 33 to 90%.
Iodized salt Coverage
Household iodized salt use: 75% (2000)
Salt Situation Analysis Production
One producer covers all the country's food salt needs. Production of edible salt in 2000 was 29,000 tons, all iodized. A small amount is imported from Iran . Most iodized salt is repackaged in local shops to 1 kg bags without proper labeling.
Consumption
DHS (2000) reported 75% of households use iodized salt. The government reports 100% of the salt produced in the country is iodized.
Iodine Procurement and Utilization
Iodization is with KIO3 (locally produced) at 23 ± 11 ppm. Increase of salt iodization levels to 40 ppm is pending.
Universal Salt Iodization Program
Information, Education, Communication (IEC) Activities
No program in place.
Legislation
A President's Decree in 1994 requires iodization of all salt for human consumption.
Program Monitoring and Evaluation
Monitoring of iodized salt is conducted at production and retail levels, but not on a regular basis. A urinary iodine laboratory is available but needs support. The country produces potassium iodate, with high export potential. Some training has taken place in monitoring, but more is needed, including for quality control of iodized salt
Other Interventions
None
Key Lessons Learned
Challenges and Constraints
Future Plans for Sustained IDD Elimination
Sources:
IDD NL 18(3):33, 2002
IDD NL 10(4):48, 1994
IDD NL 13(1):4, 1997 |
