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Current Iodine Deficiency Disorder Situation
Population
Population: 48.4 million
Population growth rate: -0.72%
Population < 15 years: 16.8%
Birth rate: 9.59 per 1000
Life expectancy at birth: 66.3 years
Infant mortality: 21.1 per 1000
Prevalence of Goiter/ UIE
Median urinary iodine: 60-80 mcg/L in east (2000), 32-46 (1992). More recent surveys (2000) in four eastern regions confirmed iodine deficiency (median urinary iodine 60-80 mcg/L). A survey in the Ukrainian Carpathians from 1996 to 1999 assessed 2,675 school-age children. The total goiter prevalence was 56%; 23% of urine samples were over 100 mcg/L, 44% from 50 to 100, and 32% < 50 mcg/L.
Iodized salt Coverage
Household iodized salt use: 4% (2000; expect 30% in 2002)
Status: Mild to moderate deficiency continues; need more vigorous USI, monitoring, advocacy.
Salt Situation Analysis Production
Salt is produced locally by one major and several small salt plants. A salt situational analysis, in collaboration with the Ukraine Association of Salt Producers, reported an increase of iodized salt from 40,000 tons in 2000 to 67,000 in 2001, and 63,000 in the first eight months of 2002, expected to reach 90,000 by the end of 2002.
In 2000 and 2001 the supply of iodized salt for the domestic market was constant, but increased significantly (159%) to 21,047 tons during the first eight months of 2002, forecast for up to 30,000 tons by the end of 2002, covering 30% of the potential demand for iodized salt. The biggest increase has been in the eastern and southern regions of the country.
Very little salt is imported, and Ukraine is a net exporter to Russia , Belarus , Moldova , George , Azerbaijan , and Lithuania , and exports to all are increasing markedly.
Consumption
MICS (2000) reported only 4.5% of households consuming iodized salt.
Iodine Procurement and Utilization
Salt is iodized with KIO3 at 40 ± 15 ppm. Local production of KIO3 is beginning.
Universal Salt Iodization Program
Information, Education, Communication (IEC) Activities
IDD is now recognized as a national problem. Progress with USI is improving slowly. The salt producers are now exporting large amounts of iodized salt. Results of a 2002 planned IDD assessment are awaited, and it may spur more action.
Legislation
Pending; the Ministry of Health decreed USI to begin in 2001, but this was subsequently revoked.
Program Monitoring and Evaluation
Ministry of Health is responsible. There is no national program, but it is pending (2002). A quality control system for iodized salt is in place. An active lab for UI is available.
Other Interventions
Iodine supplementation has been widely used especially in the Chernobyl areas. Quality control system for iodized salt has been established. An active urinary iodine laboratory is in place.
Key Lessons Learned
Challenges and Constraints
Future Plans for Sustained IDD Elimination
Sources:
IDD NL 18(3):33, 2002
IDD NL 16(4):56, 2000I
DD NL 8(1):8, 1992
IDD NL 13(1):4, 1997 |
