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Current Iodine Deficiency Disorder Situation
Population
Population: 25.6 million
Population growth rate: 1.62%
Population < 15 years: 35.2%
Birth rate: 26.1 per 1000
Life expectancy at birth: 63.9 years
Infant mortality: 71.7 per 1000
Prevalence of Goiter/ UIE
Median urinary iodine: < 100 mcg/L. A national survey in 1998 reported a goiter prevalence of 40-59%. Urinary iodine levels showed all samples below 100 mcg/L.
A 1988-90 survey showed a mean urinary iodine excretion of 35 mcg/24 hours in Tashkent .
Iodized salt Coverage
Household iodized salt use: 19%
Salt Situation Analysis Production
Current data on production of salt and iodized salt are uncertain.
Before 1991, all edible salt came from Ukraine and Kazakhstan and contained, by regulations, 25 ppm of KI.
Country has considerable reserves of rock salt. Four production sites were cited in 1997. Some salt is imported from Kazakhstan and other countries. Current packaging needs improvement.
Consumption
Nineteen percent household consumption of iodized salt (MICS, 2000).
Iodine Procurement and Utilization
Before 1991, all edible salt came from Ukraine and Kazakhstan and contained, by regulations, 25 ppm of KI. Salt iodized with KIO3, probably at 25 ppm.
Universal Salt Iodization Program
Information, Education, Communication (IEC) Activities
The Institute of Nutrition coordinates the iodine deficiency control program. It has worked with salt producers to promote USI. The Institute also is active in disseminating information to various sectors and the public at large.
Legislation
Legislation requiring USI currently pending.
Program Monitoring and Evaluation
No established IDD control program. Ministry of Health is responsible. Iodized salt is monitored at production and retail levels, but not on a regular basis. Urinary iodine laboratories available.
Impact data need updating, and program needs more vigorous implementation.
Other Interventions
1 mg of iodine per day is given to subjects in endemic area as prophylaxis.
Key Lessons Learned
Challenges and Constraints
Future Plans for Sustained IDD Elimination
Sources:
IDD NL 18(3):33, 2002
IDD NL 8(1):9, 1992
IDD NL 13(1):4, 1997 |
