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Current Iodine Deficiency Disorder Situation
Population
Population: 11.4 million
Population growth rate: 0.15%
Population < 15 years: 38.7%
Birth rate: 24.7 per 1000
Life expectancy at birth: 37.1 years
Infant mortality: 62.6 per 1000
Prevalence of Goiter/ UIE
Median urinary iodine: 245-540 mcg/L (1999) . A 1999 survey reported median UI of 245 mcg/L. Iodine excess occurred after rapid introduction of highly iodized salt. UI reported as 417 mcg/L in 1999.
Another 1999 survey in adults reported median UI of 540 mcg/L (rural = 600 mcg/L; urban 440 mcg/L).
A 1988 prevalence survey was conducted in all provinces. Wide range of TGR observed from 16.5% in Matebeleland South to over 50% in Masvingo and Mashona C entral and Mashonaland East. Murewa had the highest goiter rate of 78%. Other areas with moderate IDD problem (TGR around 30%). In 1990, a survey of 2138 schoolchildren (aged 7-16) in Murewa district found a TGR of 65%. A small study after salt iodization showed TGR 9%, down from previous 44%.
Urinary iodine was 10-16.5 mcg/L and TSH elevated in up to 30% of children in severe areas (1991).
Zimbabwe had rapid correction of iodine deficiency. Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism increased until 1995, still evidence for excess. Some increase in fish consumption, another source of iodine.
Iodized salt Coverage
Household iodized salt use: 93% (1999)
Salt Situation Analysis Production
Imported, all by private companies. Most from Botswana (Sua Pan), some from South Africa .
Consumption
- Estimated daily per capita salt consumption: no data
- Estimated % of all salt consumed by people which is adequately iodized (household level): > 93% (1999)
Iodine Procurement and Utilization
KIO3 or NaIO3, 40 ± 15 ppm; changed from 30-90 ppm (as iodine) in 2000
Universal Salt Iodization Program
Information, Education, Communication (IEC) Activities
Legislation
- Legislation: Yes
- Legislation for Animals: no
- Year Enacted: 1994 (USI added to 1973 Food and Food Standard Act), revised in 2000
Program Monitoring and Evaluation
National intersectoral committee, including Ministries of Health, Trade and C ommerce, Finance, Agriculture, Information, Justice; University of Zimbabwe; bilateral agencies. Secretariat is Nutrition Unit, MOH; Deputy Director is coordinator of national program; C hairman is Director of Maternal and C hild Health, MOH.
In 12 sentinel districts, annual visits to 3 random schools, collect at least 50 urine samples, do goiter survey.
Several good laboratories.
Salt is monitored by rapid test kits at local level, also titration, e.g., 5000 samples tested in 1995.
Other Interventions
No significant programs.
Key Lessons Learned
Challenges and Constraints
Future Plans for Sustained IDD Elimination
Sources:
IDD NL 17(2):27, 2001
IDD NL 16(4):62, 2000
IDD NL 16(2):27, 2000
IDD NL 15(1):6, 1999
IDD NL 13(2):23, 1997
IDD NL 12(3):40, 1996 |
